
If you were traversing the ancient Tethys ocean some 115 million years ago and encountered gigantic lamniform sharks, you’d most definitely need a bigger boat.
Lamniformes, an order of sharks that includes the great white of Jaws infamy, evolved around 135 million years ago and may have begun as wee, shallow water-dwelling creatures—around 3 feet long. But over time, they evolved into massive, fearsome fish that ruled the world’s oceans, for example the extinct megalodon that might have surpassed 50 feet long.
Previous evidence suggested that lamniformes swelled in size to hit the top of the marine food chain around 100 million years ago. Now, fossilized vertebrae found in Australia push this timeline back some 15 million years. These vertebrae appear to have belonged to a type of lamniform called a cardabiodontid, a hefty mega-predatory shark that swam among huge marine reptile neighbors such as plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs while dinosaurs roamed land.
This ancient ocean beast weighed more than 3 tons and measured between around 20 and 26 feet long, scientists reported in Communications Biology. According to statistical analysis of data from almost 2,000 modern sharks, the authors suggest that this ancient shark ballooned in size relatively early in its evolutionary history, about 20 million years after lamniformes emerged.
“This discovery changes the timeline for when sharks started getting really big,” said study author Mikael Siversson, a paleontologist at the Western Australian Museum, in a statement. “It turns out, they evolved a giant body size much earlier than we originally thought and were already top predators in shallow seas.”
Read more: “You’re Going to Need a Bigger Light”
The cardabiodontid vertebrae were discovered at a dig site called the Darwin Formation in northern Australia, which was once part of a shallow shelf bordering the Tethys ocean that sat between modern-day Australia and Europe. The same site has also revealed ancient marine reptiles, ray-finned fish, and other types of sharks.
The shark fossils were a rare find: Their skeletons are made of rubbery cartilage and don’t tend to stick around, so most known shark remnants are teeth. But these vertebrae were partially mineralized, keeping them relatively well preserved over the millennia.
Overall, the recent cardabiodontid findings reveal “a lot about how ancient food webs worked” Siversson said, and show “just how important Australia’s fossil sites are for understanding prehistoric life.”
Enjoying Nautilus? Subscribe to our free newsletter.
Lead image: Polyanna von Knorring, Swedish Museum of Natural History
This story was originally featured on Nautilus.
latest_posts
- 1
Most loved Occasion Dish: What Makes Your Merry Table? - 2
Bond Girl Ursula Andress’ $23 Million Fortune Once ‘Fraudulently Misappropriated’ Was Allegedly Found - 3
Israel's fractured opposition hands Netanyahu a full term - 4
WHO issues guidance on GLP-1 drugs for obesity - 5
Israel strikes south Lebanon after first direct talks in decades
12 times rockets and spacecraft crashed and burned in 2025
Europe's powerful Ariane 6 rocket launches Sentinel-1D Earth-observation satellite to orbit (video)
Popular Japanese Hotel Chain Now Lets You Show Up With Just Your Passport
75% of US adults may meet criteria for obesity under new definition, study finds
The Delight of Perusing: Book Proposals for Each Class
Vote in favor of Your #1 Instructive Toy: Learning and Tomfoolery Joined
Down to earth Manual for A Modest Hyundai Ioniq Electric for Seniors
8 Fundamental Stages: Novice's Manual for Secure Your Android with a VPN
Limited Rain Chances in Brazil Boost Coffee Prices













